## How to Calculate and Solve for Viscosity | Ceramics

The image above represents viscosity.

To compute for viscosity, three essential parameters are needed and these parameters are Force applied (F), Area (A) and Derivation Ratio of Velocity to Distance of Fluid Flow (dv/dy).

The formula for calculating viscosity:

η = F/A / dv/dy

Where:

η = Viscosity
F = Force Applied
A = Area
dv/dy = Derivation Ratio of Velocity to Distance of Fluid Flow

Let’s solve an example;
Find the viscosity when the force applied is 21, area is 14 and derivation ratio of velocity to distance of fluid flow is 19.

This implies that;

F = Force Applied = 21
A = Area = 14
dv/dy = Derivation Ratio of Velocity to Distance of Fluid Flow = 19

η = F/A / dv/dy
η = (21/14) / (19)
η = (1.5) / (19)
η = 0.0789

Therefore, the viscosity is 0.0789 Pa s.

Calculating Force Applied when the Viscosity, the Area and the Derivation ratio of velocity to distance of fluid flow is Given.

F = (η x dv/dy) A

Where;

F = Force Applied
η = Viscosity
A = Area
dv/dy = Derivation Ratio of Velocity to Distance of Fluid Flow

Let’s solve an example;
Find the force applied when the viscosity is 20, the area is 30 and the derivation is 8.

This implies that;

η = Viscosity = 20
A = Area = 30
dv/dy = Derivation Ratio of Velocity to Distance of Fluid Flow = 8

F = (η x dv/dy) A
F = (20 x 8) 30
F = (160) 30
F = 4800

Therefore, the force applied is 4800.

## How to Calculate and Solve for Pressure Gradient | Polymer & Textile

The image above represents pressure gradient.

To compute for pressure gradient, four essential parameters are needed and these parameters are value (α), viscosity (μ), screw rotation speed (N) and proportionality constant that depends on screw geometry (B).

The formula for calculating pressure gradient:

ΔP = αμN / B

Where;

α = Value
μ = Viscosity
N = Screw Rotation Speed
B = Proportionality Constant that Depends on Screw Geometry

Let’s solve an example;
Find the pressure gradient when the value is 2, viscosity is 9, screw rotation speed is 20 and proportionality constant that depends on screw geometry is 24.

This implies that;

α = Value = 2
μ = Viscosity = 9
N = Screw Rotation Speed = 20
B = Proportionality Constant that Depends on Screw Geometry = 24

ΔP = αμN / B
ΔP = (2)(9)(20) / 24
ΔP = 360 / 24
ΔP = 15

Therefore, the pressure gradient is 15.

Calculating the Value when the Pressure Gradient, Viscosity, Screw Rotation Speed and Proportionality Constant that Depends on Screw Geometry is Given.

α = ΔP x B / μN

Where;

α = Value
μ = Viscosity
N = Screw Rotation Speed
B = Proportionality Constant that Depends on Screw Geometry

Let’s solve an example;
Find the value when the pressure gradient is 20, viscosity is 5, screw rotation speed is 11 and the proportionality constant that depends on screw geometry is 7.

This implies that;

ΔP = Pressure Gradient = 20
μ = Viscosity = 5
N = Screw Rotation Speed = 11
B = Proportionality Constant that Depends on Screw Geometry = 7

α = ΔP x B / μN
α = 20 x 7 / (5)(11)
α = 140 / 55
α = 2.54

Therefore, the value is 2.54.

## How to Calculate and Solve for Reynold’s Number | Polymer & Textile

The image above represents the Reynold’s number.

To compute for  Reynold’s number, four essential parameters are needed and these parameters are density of fluid (ρ), mean flow velocity (v), diameter of die (d) and viscosity (μ).

The formula for calculating Reynold’s number:

Re = ρvd / μ

Where:

Re = Reynold’s Number
ρ = Density of Fluid
v = Mean Flow Velocity
d = Diameter of Die
μ = Viscosity

Let’s solve an example;
Given that density of fluid is 14, mean flow velocity is 27, diameter of die is 18 and viscosity is 10. Find the Reynold’s number?

This implies that;

ρ = Density of Fluid = 14
v = Mean Flow Velocity = 27
d = Diameter of Die = 18
μ = Viscosity = 10

Re = ρvd / μ
Re = (14)(27)(18) / 10
Re = 6804 / 10
Re = 680.4

Therefore, the Reynold’s number is 680.4.

Calculating the Density of Fluid when the Reynold’s Number, Mean Flow Velocity, Diameter of Die and Viscosity is Given.

ρ = Re x μ / vd

Where:

ρ = Density of Fluid
Re = Reynold’s Number
v = Mean Flow Velocity
d = Diameter of Die
μ = Viscosity

Let’s solve an example;
Given that Reynold’s number is 26, mean flow velocity is 14, diameter of die is 8 and viscosity is 12. Find the density of fluid?

This implies that;

Re = Reynold’s Number = 26
v = Mean Flow Velocity = 14
d = Diameter of Die = 8
μ = Viscosity = 12

ρ = Re x μ / vd
ρ = 26 x 12 / (14)(8)
ρ = 312 / 112
ρ = 2.78

Therefore, the density of fluid is 2.78.

Calculating the Mean Flow Velocity when the Reynold’s Number, Density of Fluid, Diameter of Die and Viscosity is Given.

v = Re x μ / ρd

Where:

v = Mean Flow Velocity
Re = Reynold’s Number
ρ = Density of Fluid
d = Diameter of Die
μ = Viscosity

Let’s solve an example;
Given that density of fluid is 22, Reynold’s number is 32, diameter of die is 9 and viscosity is 6. Find the mean flow velocity?

This implies that;

Re = Reynold’s Number = 32
ρ = Density of Fluid = 22
d = Diameter of Die = 9
μ = Viscosity = 6

v = Re x μ / ρd
v = 32 x 6 / (22)(9)
v = 192 / 198
v = 0.96

Therefore, the mean flow velocity is 0.96.

## How to Calculate and Solve for Maxwell’s Tone of Relaxation | Polymer & Textile

The image above represents maxwell’s tone of relaxation.

To compute for the maxwell’s tone of relaxation, two essential parameters are needed and these parameters are parameter (λ) and viscosity (η).

The formula for calculating the maxwell’s tone of relaxation:

G = λη

Where:

G = Maxwell’s Tone of Relaxation
λ = Parameter
η = Viscosity

Let’s solve an example;
Given that the parameter is 15 and the viscosity is 10. Find the maxwell’s tone of relaxation?

This implies that;

λ = Parameter = 15
η = Viscosity = 10

G = λη
G = (15)(10)
G = 150

Therefore, the maxwell’s tone of relaxation is 150.

Calculating the Parameter when the Maxwell’s Tone of Relaxation and the Viscosity is Given.

λ = G / η

Where;

λ = Parameter
G = Maxwell’s Tone of Relaxation
η = Viscosity

Let’s solve an example;
Given that the maxwell’s tone of relaxation is 30 and the viscosity is 15. Find the viscosity?

This implies that;

G = Maxwell’s Tone of Relaxation = 30
η = Viscosity = 15

λ = G / η
λ = 30 / 15
λ = 2

Therefore, the parameter is 2.

## How to Calculate and Solve for the Radius of Investigation in Well Testing | The Calculator Encyclopedia

The image above represents radius of investigation.

To compute for the radius of investigation, five essential parameters are needed and these parameters are permeability (k), porosity (φ), viscosity (μ), time (t) and total compressibility (CT).

The formula for calculating the radius of investigation:

rinv = 0.0325 √[Kt / φμCT]

Where:

K = Permeability
φ = Porosity
μ = Viscosity
t = Time
CT = Total Compressibility

Let’s solve an example;
Find the radius of investigation when the permeability is 25, porosity is 18, viscosity is 12, time is 22 and total compressibility is 37.

This implies that;

K = Permeability = 25
φ = Porosity =18
μ = Viscosity = 12
t = Time = 22
CT = Total Compressibility = 37

rinv = 0.0325 √[Kt / φμCT]
rinv = 0.0325 √[25 x 22 / 18 x 12 x 37]
rinv = 0.0325 √[25 x 22 / 7992]
rinv = 0.0325 √[550 / 7992]
rinv = 0.0325 √[0.068]
rinv = 0.0325 [0.26]
rinv = 0.0085

Therefore, the radius of investigation is 0.0085 ft.

## How to Calculate and Solve for Infinite Acting Period | The Calculator Encyclopedia

The image represents the infinite acting period.

To compute the infinite acting period, six essential parameters are needed and these parameters are permeability (k), porosity (φ), well drainage area (A), viscosity (μ), Dimensionless Time to End of Infinite Acting Period ((tDA)eia) and total compressibility (CT).

The formula for calculating the infinite acting period:

teia = [φ μ CT A / 0.000263K] (tDA)eia

Where;

teia = Infinite Acting Period
K = Permeability
φ = Porosity
A = Well Drainage Area
μ = Viscosity
(tDA)eia = Dimensionless Time to End of Infinite Acting Period
CT = Total Compressibility

Let’s solve an example;
Given that the permeability is 21, porosity is 15, well drainage area is 32, viscosity is 26, dimensionless time to end of infinite acting period is 44 and total compressibility is 34.
Find the infinite acting period?

This implies that;

K = Permeability = 21
φ = Porosity = 15
A = Well Drainage Area = 32
μ = Viscosity = 26
(tDA)eia = Dimensionless Time to End of Infinite Acting Period = 44
CT = Total Compressibility = 34

teia = [φ μ CT A / 0.000263K] (tDA)eia
teia = [15 x 26 x 34 x 32 / 0.000263 x 21] 44
teia = [424320 / 0.005523] 44
teia = [76827810.972] 44
teia = 3380423682.78

Therefore, the infinite acting period is 3380423682.78 s.

## How to Calculate and Solve for Dimensionless Time in Well Testing | The Calculator Encyclopedia

The image above represents dimensionless time.

To compute for the dimensionless time, six essential parameters are needed and these parameters are permeability (k), porosity (φ), viscosity (μ), well radius (rw), minimum transient time (t) and total compressibility (CT).

The formula for calculating dimensionless time:

tD = 0.000263kt / φμCTr

Where;

tD = Dimensionless Time
k = Permeability
φ = Porosity
μ = Viscosity
t = Minimum Transient Time
CT = Total Compressibility

Let’s solve an example
Find the dimensionless time when the permeability is 13, porosity is 11.5, viscosity is 10.5, well radius is 24, minimum transient time is 17 with a total compressibility of 28.

This implies that;

k = Permeability = 13
φ = Porosity = 11.5
μ = Viscosity = 10.5
rw = Well Radius = 24
t = Minimum Transient Time = 17
CT = Total Compressibility = 28

tD = 0.000263kt / φμCTr
tD = 0.000263 x 13 x 1711.5 x 10.5 x 28 x 24²
tD = 0.000263 x 13 x 1711.5 x 10.5 x 28 x 576
tD = 0.000263 x 13 x 171947456
tD = 0.0581231947456
tD = 2.9845e-8

Therefore, the dimensionless time is 2.98

Nickzom Calculator – The Calculator Encyclopedia is capable of calculating the dimensionless time.

To get the answer and workings of the dimensionless time using the Nickzom Calculator – The Calculator Encyclopedia. First, you need to obtain the app.

You can get this app via any of these means:

To get access to the professional version via web, you need to register and subscribe for NGN 1,500 per annum to have utter access to all functionalities.
You can also try the demo version via https://www.nickzom.org/calculator

Apple (Paid) – https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/nickzom-calculator/id1331162702?mt=8
Once, you have obtained the calculator encyclopedia app, proceed to the Calculator Map, then click on Petroleum under Engineering

Now, Click on Well Testing under Petroleum

Now, Click on Dimensionless Time under Well Testing

The screenshot below displays the page or activity to enter your value, to get the answer for the dimensionless time according to the respective parameter which are the permeability (k), porosity (φ), viscosity (μ), well radius (rw), minimum transient time (t) and total compressibility (CT).

Now, enter the value appropriately and accordingly for the parameter as required by the permeability (k) is 13, porosity (φ) is 11.5, viscosity (μ) is 10.5, well radius (rw) is 24, minimum transient time (t) is 17 and total compressibility (CT) is 28.

Finally, Click on Calculate

As you can see from the screenshot above, Nickzom Calculator– The Calculator Encyclopedia solves for the dimensionless time and presents the formula, workings and steps too.

## How to Calculate and Solve for Minimum Transient Time in Well Testing | The Calculator Encyclopedia

The image above represents minimum transient time.

To compute for the minimum transient time, five essential parameters are needed and these parameters are permeability (k), porosity (φ), reservoir radius (r), viscosity (μ) and total compressibility (CT).

The formula for calculating the minimum transient time:

t = 9.48 x 104 φ CT r² / k

Where;

t = Minimum Transient Time
k = Permeability
φ = Porosity
μ = Viscosity
CT = Total Compressibility

Let’s solve an example;
Given that the permeability is 11, porosity is 14, reservoir radius is 7, viscosity is 13 and total compressibility is 22.
Find the minimum transient time?

This implies that;

k = Permeability = 11
φ = Porosity = 14
r = Reservoir Radius = 7
μ = Viscosity = 13
CT = Total Compressibility = 22

t = 9.48 x 104 φ CT r² / k
t = 9.48 x 104 x 14 x 22 x 7² / 11
t = 9.48 x 104 x 14 x 22 x 49 / 11
t = 1430721600 / 11
t = 130065600

Therefore, the minimum transient time is 13006500.

## How to Calculate and Solve for Diffusivity Constant | Well Testing

The image above represents diffusivity constant.

To compute for the diffusivity constant, four essential parameters are needed and these parameters are pemerability (k), porosity (φ), viscosity (μ) and total compressibility (CT).

The formula for calculating diffusivity constant:

η = 0.000263k / φμCT

Where;

η = Diffusivity Constant
k = Permeability
φ = Porosity
μ = Viscosity
CT = Total Compressibility

Let’s solve an example;
Find the diffusivity constant where the permeability is 12, porosity is 9, viscosity is 7 and total compressibility is 11.

This implies that;

k = Permeability = 12
φ = Porosity = 9
μ = Viscosity = 7
CT = Total Compressibility = 11

η = 0.000263k /  φμCT
η = 0.000263 x 12 / 9 x 7 x 11
η = 0.003156 / 693
η = 0.000004554112554112554

Therefore, the diffusivity constant is 0.000004554112554112554.

Calculating the Permeability when the Diffusivity Constant, Porosity, Viscosity and Total Compressibility is Given.

k = n x φμCT / 0.000263

Where;

k = Permeability
η = Diffusivity Constant
φ = Porosity
μ = Viscosity
CT = Total Compressibility

Let’s solve an example;
Find the permeability where the diffusivity constant is 24, porosity is 10, viscosity is 5 and total compressibility is 13.

This implies that;

η = Diffusivity Constant = 24
φ = Porosity = 10
μ = Viscosity = 5
CT = Total Compressibility = 13

k = n x φμCT / 0.000263
k = 24 x 10 x 5 x 13 / 0.000263
k = 15600 / 0.000263
k = 59315589.3536

Therefore, the permeability is 59315589.3536.

Calculating the Porosity when the Diffusivity Constant, Permeability, Viscosity and Total Compressibility is Given.

φ = 0.000263k / nμCT

Where;

φ = Porosity
k = Permeability
η = Diffusivity Constant
μ = Viscosity
CT = Total Compressibility

Let’s solve an example;
Find the porosity where the diffusivity constant is 28, permeability is 8, viscosity is 12 and total compressibility is 18.

This implies that;

k = Permeability = 8
η = Diffusivity Constant = 28
μ = Viscosity = 12
CT = Total Compressibility = 18

φ = 0.000263k / nμCT
φ = 0.000263 x 8 / 28 x 12 x 18
φ = 0.002104 / 6048
φ = 3.478e-7

Therefore, the porosity is 3.47e-7.

## How to Calculate and Solve for Solution Gas – Oil Ratio of a Reservoir Fluid Flow | The Calculator Encyclopedia

The image above represents a Gas – Oil Ratio.

To compute for the gas – oil ratio, seven essential parameters are needed and these parameters are Solution Gas (Rs), Oil Viscosity (μo), Gas Viscosity (μg), Relative Permeability to Gas (krg), Relative Permeability to Oil (kro), Gas Formation Volume Factor (Bg) and Oil Formation Volume Factor (Bo).

The formula for calculating the gas – oil ratio:

GOR = Rs + [krg /  kro] [μoBo / μgBg]

Where;

GOR = Solution Gas-Oil Ratio
Rs = Solution Gas
μo = Oil Viscosity
μg = Gas Viscosity
krg = Relative Permeability to Gas
kro = Relative Permeability to Oil
Bg = Gas Formation Volume Factor
Bo = Oil Formation Volume Factor

Let’s solve an example;
Find the Gas – Oil Ratio with a solution gas of 11, oil viscosity of 7, gas viscosity of 9, relative permeability to gas of 12, relative permeability to oil of 16, gas formation volume factor of 22 and oil formation volume factor of 18.

This implies that;

Rs = Solution Gas = 11
μo = Oil Viscosity = 7
μg = Gas Viscosity = 9
krg = Relative Permeability to Gas = 12
kro = Relative Permeability to Oil = 16
Bg = Gas Formation Volume Factor = 22
Bo = Oil Formation Volume Factor = 18

GOR = Rs + [krg /  kro] [μoBo / μgBg]
GOR = 11 + [12/16] [7 x 18 /9 x 22]
GOR = 11 + [12/16] [126/198]
GOR = 11 + [12/16] [0.63]
GOR = 11 + [0.75] [0.63]
GOR = 11 + 0.477
GOR = 11.477

Therefore, the Gas – Oil Ratio is 11.477.