{"id":6085,"date":"2021-09-20T19:11:38","date_gmt":"2021-09-20T18:11:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/?p=6085"},"modified":"2024-05-13T15:37:57","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T14:37:57","slug":"how-to-calculate-and-solve-for-standard-permeability-of-sand-solidification-of-metals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/2021\/09\/20\/how-to-calculate-and-solve-for-standard-permeability-of-sand-solidification-of-metals\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Calculate and Solve for Standard Permeability of Sand | Solidification of Metals"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6105\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/standard-permeability-of-sand.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"249\" height=\"203\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The image above represents standard permeability of sand. To calculate standard permeability of sand, five essential parameters are needed and these parameters are <strong>Volume of Area (V), Height of Sand Specimen (H), Pressure (P<sub>r<\/sub>), Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen (A) <\/strong>and <strong>Time (t).<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>The formula for calculating the standard permeability of sand:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>P = <sup>VH<\/sup> \/ <sub>PrAt<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n<p>P = Standard Permeability of Sand<br \/>\nV = Volume of Air<br \/>\nH = Height of Sand Specimen<br \/>\nP<sub>r<\/sub> = Pressure<br \/>\nA = Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen<br \/>\nt = Time<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s solve an example;<br \/>\nFind the standard permeability of sand when the volume of air is 6, the height of sand specimen is 3, the pressure is 8, the cross-sectional area of sand specimen is 5 and the time is 2.<\/p>\n<p>This implies that;<\/p>\n<p>V = Volume of Air = 6<br \/>\nH = Height of Sand Specimen = 3<br \/>\nP<sub>r<\/sub> = Pressure = 8<br \/>\nA = Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen = 5<br \/>\nt = Time = 2<\/p>\n<p>P = <sup>VH<\/sup> \/ <sub>PrAt<\/sub><br \/>\nThat is, P = <sup>6 x 3<\/sup> \/ <sub>8 x 5 x 2<\/sub><br \/>\nP = <sup>18<\/sup> \/ <sub>80<\/sub><br \/>\nP = 0.225<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the <strong>standard permeability of sand <\/strong>is <strong>0.225.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Read more:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/2021\/09\/08\/how-to-calculate-and-solve-for-heat-flux-solidification-of-metals\/\">How to Calculate and Solve for Heat Flux | Solidification of Metals<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Calculating the Volume of Air when the Standard Permeability of Sand, the Height of Sand Specimen, the Pressure, the Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen and the Time are Given<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>V = <sup>P x P<sub>r<\/sub>At<\/sup> \/ <sub>H<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n<p>V = Volume of Air<br \/>\nP = Standard Permeability of Sand<br \/>\nH = Height of Sand Specimen<br \/>\nP<sub>r<\/sub> = Pressure<br \/>\nA = Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen<br \/>\nt = Time<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s solve an example;<br \/>\nFind the volume of air when the standard permeability of sand is 10, the height of sand specimen is 2, the pressure is 4, the cross-sectional area of sand specimen is 8 and the time is 1.<\/p>\n<p>This implies that;<\/p>\n<p>P = Standard Permeability of Sand = 10<br \/>\nH = Height of Sand Specimen = 2<br \/>\nP<sub>r<\/sub> = Pressure = 4<br \/>\nA = Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen = 8<br \/>\nt = Time = 1<\/p>\n<p>V = <sup>P x P<sub>r<\/sub>At<\/sup> \/ <sub>H<\/sub><br \/>\nSo, V = <sup>10 x (4)(8)(1)<\/sup> \/ <sub>2<\/sub><br \/>\nV = <sup>320<\/sup> \/ <sub>2<\/sub><br \/>\nV = 160<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the <strong>volume of air <\/strong>is <strong>160.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Read more:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/2021\/09\/16\/how-to-calculate-and-solve-for-volume-shrinkage-solidification-of-metals\/\">How to Calculate and Solve for Volume Shrinkage | Solidification of Metals<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Calculating the Height of Sand Specimen when the Standard Permeability of Sand, the Volume of Air, the Pressure, the Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen and the Time are Given<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>H = <sup>P x P<sub>r<\/sub>At<\/sup> \/ <sub>V<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n<p>H = Height of Sand Specimen<br \/>\nP = Standard Permeability of Sand<br \/>\nV = Volume of Air<br \/>\nP<sub>r<\/sub> = Pressure<br \/>\nA = Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen<br \/>\nt = Time<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s solve an example;<br \/>\nFind the height of sand specimen when the standard permeability of sand is 4, the volume of air is 12, the pressure is 6, the cross-sectional area of sand specimen is 3 and the time is 5.<\/p>\n<p>This implies that;<\/p>\n<p>P = Standard Permeability of Sand = 4<br \/>\nV = Volume of Air = 12<br \/>\nP<sub>r<\/sub> = Pressure = 6<br \/>\nA = Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen = 3<br \/>\nt = Time = 5<\/p>\n<p>H = <sup>P x P<sub>r<\/sub>At<\/sup> \/ <sub>V<\/sub><br \/>\nH = <sup>4 x (6)(3)(5)<\/sup> \/ <sub>12<\/sub><br \/>\nSo, H = <sup>360<\/sup> \/ <sub>12<\/sub><br \/>\nH = 30<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the <strong>height of sand specimen <\/strong>is <strong>30.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Read more:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/2023\/01\/13\/how-to-calculate-and-solve-for-conversion-of-weight-percent-to-mass-per-unit-volume-in-alloys-imperfection-in-solids\/\">How to Calculate and Solve for Conversion of Weight Percent to Mass per Unit Volume in Alloys | Imperfection in Solids<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Calculating the Pressure when the Standard Permeability of Sand. the Volume of Air, the Height of Sand Specimen, the Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen and the Time are Given<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>P<sub>r<\/sub> = <sup>VH<\/sup> \/ <sub>P x At<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n<p>P<sub>r<\/sub> = Pressure<br \/>\nP = Standard Permeability of Sand<br \/>\nV = Volume of Air<br \/>\nH = Height of Sand Specimen<br \/>\nA = Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen<br \/>\nt = Time<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s solve an example;<br \/>\nFind the pressure when the standard permeability of sand is 14, the volume of air is 20, the height of sand specimen is 12, the cross-sectional area of sand specimen is 4 and the time is 3.<\/p>\n<p>This implies that;<\/p>\n<p>P = Standard Permeability of Sand = 14<br \/>\nV = Volume of Air = 20<br \/>\nH = Height of Sand Specimen = 12<br \/>\nA = Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen = 4<br \/>\nt = Time = 3<\/p>\n<p>P<sub>r<\/sub> = <sup>VH<\/sup> \/ <sub>P x At<\/sub><br \/>\nP<sub>r<\/sub> = <sup>(20)(12)<\/sup> \/ <sub>14 x (4)(3)<\/sub><br \/>\nSo. P<sub>r<\/sub> = <sup>240<\/sup> \/ <sub>168<\/sub><br \/>\nP<sub>r<\/sub> = 1.428<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the <strong>pressure <\/strong>is <strong>1.428.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Calculating the Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen when the Standard Permeability of Sand, the Volume of Air, the Height of Sand Specimen, the Pressure and the Time are Given<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A = <sup>VH<\/sup> \/ <sub>P x P<sub>r<\/sub>t<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n<p>A = Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen<br \/>\nP = Standard Permeability of Sand<br \/>\nV = Volume of Air<br \/>\nH = Height of Sand Specimen<br \/>\nP<sub>r<\/sub> = Pressure<br \/>\nt = Time<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s solve an example;<br \/>\nFind the cross-sectional area of sand specimen when the standard permeability of sand is 15, the volume of air is 32, the height of sand specimen is 20, the pressure is 18 and the time is 10.<\/p>\n<p>This implies that;<\/p>\n<p>P = Standard Permeability of Sand = 15<br \/>\nV = Volume of Air = 32<br \/>\nH = Height of Sand Specimen = 20<br \/>\nP<sub>r<\/sub> = Pressure = 18<br \/>\nt = Time = 10<\/p>\n<p>A = <sup>VH<\/sup> \/ <sub>P x P<sub>r<\/sub>t<\/sub><br \/>\nA = <sup>(32)(20)<\/sup> \/ <sub>15 x (18)(10)<\/sub><br \/>\nThen, A = <sup>640<\/sup> \/ <sub>2700<\/sub><br \/>\nA = 0.237<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the <strong>cross-sectional area of sand specimen <\/strong>is <strong>0.237.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Calculating the Time when the Standard Permeability of Sand, the Volume of Air, the Height of Sand Specimen, the Pressure and the Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen are Given<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>t = <sup>VH<\/sup> \/ <sub>P x P<sub>r<\/sub>A<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n<p>t = Time<br \/>\nP = Standard Permeability of Sand<br \/>\nV = Volume of Air<br \/>\nH = Height of Sand Specimen<br \/>\nP<sub>r<\/sub> = Pressure<br \/>\nA = Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s solve an example;<br \/>\nFind the time when the standard permeability of sand is 10, the volume of air is 24, the height of sand specimen is 9, the pressure is 12 and the cross-sectional area of sand specimen is 2.<\/p>\n<p>This implies that;<\/p>\n<p>P = Standard Permeability of Sand = 10<br \/>\nV = Volume of Air = 24<br \/>\nH = Height of Sand Specimen = 9<br \/>\nP<sub>r<\/sub> = Pressure = 12<br \/>\nA = Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen = 2<\/p>\n<p>t = <sup>VH<\/sup> \/ <sub>P x P<sub>r<\/sub>A<\/sub><br \/>\nt = <sup>(24)(9)<\/sup> \/ <sub>10 x (12)(2)<\/sub><br \/>\nSo, t = <sup>216<\/sup> \/ <sub>240<\/sub><br \/>\nt = 0.9<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the <strong>time <\/strong>is <strong>0.9.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>How to Calculate Standard Permeability of Sand Using Nickzom Calculator<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Nickzom Calculator \u2013\u00a0<strong>The Calculator Encyclopedia<\/strong> is capable of calculating the standard permeability of sand.<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>To get the answer and workings of the standard permeability of sand using the <strong>Nickzom Calculator \u2013 The Calculator Encyclopedia.\u00a0<\/strong>First, you need to obtain the app.<\/p>\n<p>You can get this app via any of these means:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Web<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/calculator-plus\">https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/calculator-plus<\/a><\/p>\n<p>To get access to the\u00a0<strong>professional\u00a0<\/strong>version via web, you need to\u00a0<strong>register<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>subscribe\u00a0<\/strong>for<strong>\u00a0NGN 2,000\u00a0<\/strong>per<strong>\u00a0annum<\/strong>\u00a0to have utter access to all functionalities.<br \/>\nYou can also try the\u00a0<strong>demo\u00a0<\/strong>version via\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/calculator\">https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/calculator<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Android (Paid)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=org.nickzom.nickzomcalculator\">https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=org.nickzom.nickzomcalculator<\/a><br \/>\n<strong>Android (Free)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.nickzom.nickzomcalculator\">https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.nickzom.nickzomcalculator<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Apple (Paid)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/us\/app\/nickzom-calculator\/id1331162702?mt=8\">https:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/us\/app\/nickzom-calculator\/id1331162702?mt=8<\/a><br \/>\nOnce, you have obtained the calculator encyclopedia app, proceed to the\u00a0<strong>Calculator Map,\u00a0<\/strong>then click on\u00a0<b>Materials and Metallurgical\u00a0<\/b>under\u00a0<strong>Engineering<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screenshot-2.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Now, Click on <b>Solidification of Metal <\/b>under\u00a0<strong>Materials and Metallurgical<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5954 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-35-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1366\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-35-1.png 1366w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-35-1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-35-1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-35-1-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1366px) 100vw, 1366px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Now, Click on <strong>Standard Permeability of Sand <\/strong>under <strong>Solidification of Metal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6106 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-103.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1366\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-103.png 1366w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-103-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-103-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-103-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1366px) 100vw, 1366px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The screenshot below displays the page or activity to enter your values, to get the answer for the standard permeability of sand according to the respective parameter which is the <strong>Volume of Area (V), Height of Sand Specimen (H), Pressure (P<sub>r<\/sub>), Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen (A) and Time (t).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6110 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-107.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1366\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-107.png 1366w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-107-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-107-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-107-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1366px) 100vw, 1366px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Now, enter the values appropriately and accordingly for the parameters as required by the\u00a0<strong>Volume of Area (V)<\/strong> is <strong>6<\/strong>,<strong> Height of Sand Specimen (H)<\/strong> is <strong>3<\/strong>,<strong> Pressure (P<sub>r<\/sub>)<\/strong> is <strong>8<\/strong>,<strong> Cross-Sectional Area of Sand Specimen (A)<\/strong> is <strong>5 <\/strong>and <strong>Time (t)<\/strong> is <strong>2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6107 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-104.png\" alt=\"How to Calculate and Solve for Standard Permeability of Sand | Solidification of Metals\" width=\"1366\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-104.png 1366w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-104-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-104-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-104-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1366px) 100vw, 1366px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Finally, Click on Calculate<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6108 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-105.png\" alt=\"How to Calculate and Solve for Standard Permeability of Sand | Solidification of Metals\" width=\"1366\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-105.png 1366w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-105-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-105-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-105-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1366px) 100vw, 1366px\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6109 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-106.png\" alt=\"How to Calculate and Solve for Standard Permeability of Sand | Solidification of Metals\" width=\"1366\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-106.png 1366w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-106-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-106-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-106-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1366px) 100vw, 1366px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>As you can see from the screenshot above,\u00a0<strong>Nickzom Calculator<\/strong>\u2013 The Calculator Encyclopedia solves for the standard permeability of sand and presents the formula, workings and steps too.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The image above represents standard permeability of sand. To calculate standard permeability of sand, five essential parameters are&hellip;","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":15140,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-title":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-title":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":"","csco_display_header_overlay":false,"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[1729,60,1728,543,73,1688,1730,7,1727],"class_list":["post-6085","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-engineering","tag-cross-sectional-area-of-sand-specimen","tag-engineering","tag-height-of-sand-specimen","tag-materials-and-metallurgical","tag-pressure","tag-solidification-of-metal","tag-standard-permeability-of-sand","tag-time","tag-volume-of-air","cs-entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to Calculate and Solve for Standard Permeability of Sand | Solidification of Metals<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn the steps and the formula on How to Calculate Standard Permeability of Sand in the Solidification of Metals. 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