{"id":3508,"date":"2020-08-20T00:07:36","date_gmt":"2020-08-19T23:07:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/?p=3508"},"modified":"2024-04-07T15:31:15","modified_gmt":"2024-04-07T14:31:15","slug":"how-to-calculate-and-solve-for-steady-flow-in-a-confined-aquifer-flow-lines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/blog\/2020\/08\/20\/how-to-calculate-and-solve-for-steady-flow-in-a-confined-aquifer-flow-lines\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Calculate and Solve for Steady Flow in a Confined Aquifer | Flow Lines"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

The image above represents steady flow in a confined aquifer. To calculate steady flow in a confined aquifer, three essential parameters are needed and these parameters are Hydraulic Conductivity (K), Aquifer Thickness (L)\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0Hydraulic Gradient or Slope of Potentiometric Surface (dh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub>).<\/strong><\/p>\n

The formula for calculating steady flow in a confined aquifer:<\/p>\n

qt<\/sup>\u00a0= KLdh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub><\/p>\n

Where:<\/p>\n

qt<\/sup>\u00a0= Steady Flow in a Confined Aquifer
\nK = Hydraulic Conductivity
\nL = Aquifer Thickness
\ndh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub> = Hydraulic Gradient or Slope of Potentiometric Surface<\/p>\n

Let’s solve an example;
\nFind the steady flow in a confined aquifer when the hydraulic conductivity is 22, the aquifer thickness is 18 and the hydraulic gradient is 10.<\/p>\n

This implies that;<\/p>\n

K = Hydraulic Conductivity = 22
\nL = Aquifer Thickness = 18
\ndh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub> = Hydraulic Gradient or Slope of Potentiometric Surface = 10<\/p>\n

qt<\/sup>\u00a0= KLdh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub>
\nThat is, qt<\/sup> = (22)(18)(10)
\nqt<\/sup> = 396(10)
\nqt<\/sup>\u00a0= 3960<\/p>\n

Therefore, the\u00a0steady flow in a confined aquifer\u00a0<\/strong>is\u00a03960.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Read more:\u00a0How to Calculate and Solve for Storativity of a Confined Aquifer | Aquifer Characteristics<\/a><\/p>\n

Calculating the Hydraulic Conductivity when the Steady Flow in a Confined Aquifer, the Aquifer Thickness and the Hydraulic Gradient are Given<\/strong><\/h3>\n

K = qt<\/sup><\/sup> \/ Ldh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub><\/sub><\/p>\n

Where;<\/p>\n

K = Hydraulic Conductivity
\nqt<\/sup>\u00a0= Steady Flow in a Confined Aquifer
\nL = Aquifer Thickness
\ndh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub>\u00a0= Hydraulic Gradient or Slope of Potentiometric Surface<\/p>\n

Let’s solve an example;
\nFind the hydraulic conductivity when the steady flow in a confined aquifer is 30, the aquifer thickness is 20 and the hydraulic gradient is 3.<\/p>\n

This implies that;<\/p>\n

qt<\/sup> = Steady Flow in a Confined Aquifer = 30
\nL = Aquifer Thickness = 20
\ndh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub> = Hydraulic Gradient or Slope of Potentiometric Surface = 3<\/p>\n

K = qt<\/sup><\/sup> \/ Ldh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub><\/sub>
\nThen, K = 30<\/sup> \/ 20 x 3<\/sub>
\nK = 30<\/sup> \/ 60<\/sub>
\nK = 0.5<\/p>\n

Therefore, the\u00a0hydraulic conductivity\u00a0<\/strong>is\u00a00.5.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Read more:\u00a0How to Calculate and Solve for Storage Co-efficient for a Confined Aquifer | Water Budget<\/a><\/p>\n

Calculating the Aquifer Thickness when the Steady Flow in a Confined Aquifer, the Hydraulic Conductivity and the Hydraulic Gradient are Given<\/strong><\/h3>\n

L = qt<\/sup><\/sup> \/ Kdh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub><\/sub><\/p>\n

Where;<\/p>\n

L = Aquifer Thickness
\nqt<\/sup>\u00a0= Steady Flow in a Confined Aquifer
\nK = Hydraulic Conductivity
\ndh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub>\u00a0= Hydraulic Gradient or Slope of Potentiometric Surface<\/p>\n

Let’s solve an example;
\nFind the aquifer thickness when the steady flow in a confined aquifer is 44, the hydraulic conductivity is 11 and the hydraulic gradient is 7.<\/p>\n

This implies that;<\/p>\n

qt<\/sup> = Steady Flow in a Confined Aquifer = 44
\nK = Hydraulic Conductivity = 11
\ndh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub> = Hydraulic Gradient or Slope of Potentiometric Surface = 7<\/p>\n

L = qt<\/sup><\/sup> \/ Kdh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub><\/sub>
\nThen, L = 44<\/sup> \/ 11 x 7<\/sub>
\nL = 44<\/sup> \/ 77<\/sub>
\nL = 0.57<\/p>\n

Therefore, the\u00a0aquifer thickness <\/strong>is\u00a00.57.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Calculating the Hydraulic Gradient when the Steady Flow in a Confined Aquifer, the Hydraulic Conductivity and the Aquifer Thickness are Given<\/strong><\/h3>\n

dh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub> = qt<\/sup><\/sup> \/ KL<\/sub><\/p>\n

Where;<\/p>\n

dh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub>\u00a0= Hydraulic Gradient or Slope of Potentiometric Surface
\nqt<\/sup>\u00a0= Steady Flow in a Confined Aquifer
\nK = Hydraulic Conductivity
\nL = Aquifer Thickness<\/p>\n

Let’s solve an example;
\nFind the hydraulic gradient when the steady flow in a confined aquifer is 60, the hydraulic conductivity is 15 and the aquifer thickness is 6.<\/p>\n

This implies that;<\/p>\n

qt<\/sup> = Steady Flow in a Confined Aquifer = 60
\nK = Hydraulic Conductivity = 15
\nL = Aquifer Thickness = 6<\/p>\n

dh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub> = qt<\/sup><\/sup> \/ KL<\/sub><\/p>\n

So, dh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub> = 60<\/sup> \/ 15 x 6<\/sub>
\ndh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub> = 60<\/sup> \/ 90<\/sub>
\ndh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub> = 0.667<\/p>\n

Therefore, the\u00a0hydraulic gradient or potentiometric surface\u00a0<\/strong>is\u00a00.667.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Read more:\u00a0How to Calculate and Solve for Steady Flow in a unconfined aquifer | Flow lines<\/a><\/p>\n

How to Calculate Steady Flow in a Confined Aquifer Using Nickzom Calculator<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Nickzom Calculator \u2013\u00a0The Calculator Encyclopedia<\/strong> is capable of calculating the steady flow in a confined aquifer.<\/p>\n

To get the answer and workings of the steady flow in a confined aquifer using the Nickzom Calculator \u2013 The Calculator Encyclopedia.\u00a0<\/strong>First, you need to obtain the app.<\/p>\n

You can get this app via any of these means:<\/p>\n

Web<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/calculator-plus<\/a><\/p>\n

To get access to the\u00a0professional\u00a0<\/strong>version via web, you need to\u00a0register<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0subscribe\u00a0<\/strong>for\u00a0NGN 2,000\u00a0<\/strong>per\u00a0annum<\/strong>\u00a0to have utter access to all functionalities.
\nYou can also try the\u00a0demo\u00a0<\/strong>version via\u00a0https:\/\/www.nickzom.org\/calculator<\/a><\/p>\n

Android (Paid)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=org.nickzom.nickzomcalculator<\/a>
\nAndroid (Free)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.nickzom.nickzomcalculator<\/a>
\nApple (Paid)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0https:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/us\/app\/nickzom-calculator\/id1331162702?mt=8<\/a>
\nOnce, you have obtained the calculator encyclopedia app, proceed to the\u00a0Calculator Map,\u00a0<\/strong>then click on\u00a0Geology<\/strong>\u00a0<\/b>under\u00a0Add-on<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Now, Click on\u00a0Flow Lines\u00a0<\/strong>under\u00a0Geology<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Now, Click on Steady Flow in a Confined Aquifer <\/strong>under\u00a0Flow Lines<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

The screenshot below displays the page or activity to enter your values, to get the answer for the steady flow in a confined aquifer according to the respective parameters which are the Hydraulic Conductivity (K), Aquifer Thickness (L)\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0Hydraulic Gradient or Slope of Potentiometric Surface (dh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub>).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"How<\/p>\n

Now, enter the values appropriately and accordingly for the parameters as required by the Hydraulic Conductivity (K)<\/strong> is 22<\/strong>, Aquifer Thickness (L)<\/strong> is 18 <\/strong>and Hydraulic Gradient or Slope of Potentiometric Surface (dh<\/sup>\/dl<\/sub>)<\/strong> is 10<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"How<\/p>\n

Finally, Click on Calculate<\/p>\n

\"How<\/p>\n

As you can see from the screenshot above,\u00a0Nickzom Calculator<\/strong>\u2013 The Calculator Encyclopedia solves for the steady flow in a confined aquifer and presents the formula, workings and steps too.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The image above represents steady flow in a confined aquifer. To calculate steady flow in a confined aquifer,…","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":13769,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-title":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-title":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":"","csco_display_header_overlay":false,"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[658,965,984,64,843,985,986],"class_list":["post-3508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-geology","tag-add-on","tag-aquifer-thickness","tag-flow-lines","tag-geology","tag-hydraulic-conductivity","tag-hydraulic-gradient-or-slope-of-potentiometric-sufrace","tag-steady-flow-in-a-confined-aquifer","cs-entry"],"yoast_head":"\nHow 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